Learners can often be confused because everyday conversational German is often quite different from written German and from what they have been taught. First, there are those which result from variation within the German language itself. The areas treated in this book can be grouped under two headings. It is not a comprehensive grammar, but it deals with those aspects of German grammar and usage about which such advanced learners may have questions, and it attempts to answer as many of those questions as possible. It is thus directed at those who have mastered the basics of German, typically after three or four years at school or an intensive introductory course and are venturing into the complexities and subtleties of the language. It aims to help English-speaking learners to communicate effectively and accurately by developing an awareness of the subtleties of the language. The primary intention of this book is to provide information on German as it is actually used nowadays, especially on points where conventional grammars and surveys of vocabulary are silent. Spelling 290 6.1.1 Capital letters 290 6.1.2 One word or two? 292Ħ.1.3 The use o f ß and ss 296 6.1A Miscellaneous spelling changes Punctuation 297 6.2.1 The use of the comma 297 6.2.2 Other punctuation marks 299 Index The present participle in German and English 282 5.3.1 The use of the German present participle 282 5.3.2 German equivalents of English ing-form constructions The modal auxiliaries 248 4.6.1 The German modal auxiliaries 4.6.2 The English modal auxiliaries Syntax and word orderĥ.1 Word order 262 5.1.1 The verbal bracket 262 5.1.2 The closing bracket 263 5.1.3 The initial element in a main clause 264 5.1.4 The use of initial position in German 265 5.1.5 The central section of German clauses 267 5.1.6 Can anything follow the closing bracket? 271 5.2Īlternatives to subordinate clauses 274 5.2.1 Alternatives to relative clauses 274 5.2.2 Alternatives to noun clauses with dass or wie and infinitive clauses 275 5.2.3 Alternatives to other subordinate clauses 276 5.2.4 Adverbials rather than clauses 279 5.2.5 Other alternatives to subordinate clauses 281 The subjunctive 239 4.5.1 Forms of the subjunctive 239 4.5.2 The use of the past subjunctive and conditional forms 4.5.3 Indirect speech 242 4.5.4 Conditional sentences 245 4.5.5 Other uses of the subjunctive 246 The passive 233 4.4.1 werden- or $m-passive? 234 4.4.2 The impersonal ('subjectless') passive 235 4.4.3 The passive with dative objects 236 4.4.4 von or durch with the passive? 236 4.4.5 Alternative passive constructions 237 Tenses 229 4.3.1 Present and future 229 4.3.2 Past and perfect 230 4.3.3 haben or sein in the perfect? Bedienungsanleitung dichtung backblech programmschalter siemens Dynamic 4103 Privileg Geschirrspler privileg grobkrperfalle Privileg sensation Above all, it is a. 38 - Manschette hat sich gelst - Waschmaschine Privileg Sensation 75. Companion titles to Using German 225 4.2.3 The position of genitive phrases 4.2.4 Measurement phrases 228 LIEFERN NACH: Schweiz - Deutsch.Die 'T's Torxschrauben T20 verstellen die Hhe der hinteren Fe.
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